Clinical Features and Angiographic Patterns Among 150 Cases of Acute Coronary syndrome: A Cross-sectional, hospital-Based Observational study

Background: Acute coronary syndrome (ACS) is a major cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide. Identifying clinical characteristics, risk factors, and angiographic profiles of ACS patients can improve management strategies.

Objective: To analyze the clinical profile, major risk factors, and angiographic findings in patients with ACS.

Methods: A cross-sectional, hospital-based observational study was conducted on 150 ACS patients. Demographic variables, risk factors (hypertension, diabetes, smoking, dyslipidemia, family history), clinical presentation, and angiographic findings were recorded. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics.

Results: Mean age was 56.4 ± 10.8 years; males constituted 68% and females 32%. The most common presentation was ST-elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI, 60%), followed by non-ST elevation ACS (30%) and unstable angina (10%). Major risk factors included hypertension (62%), smoking (48%), diabetes mellitus (40%), dyslipidemia (36%), and positive family history (18%). Angiographic analysis showed single vessel disease (SVD) in 32%, double vessel disease (DVD) in 28%, triple vessel disease (TVD) in 25%, and left main coronary artery disease (LMCA) in 5%. The left anterior descending artery (LAD) was the most commonly involved vessel (64%).

Conclusion: ACS predominantly affects middle-aged males with multiple risk factors. Hypertension, smoking, and diabetes were the most prevalent risk factors. LAD was the most frequently involved artery. Early risk factor modification and preventive strategies are essential to reduce ACS burden.

Keywords: Acute Coronary Syndrome, Risk Factors, Angiography, Coronary Artery Disease.